非谓语动词的用法1
【发布时间：2017-02-17】 【作者：/来源：】
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非谓语动词的用法1
概述：非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。都不受主语人称和数的限制（即无人称和数的变化），但有时态和语态的变化。如：He let me did it.（×）----He let me do it.（√） Lily helps me does it.（×）----Lily helps me do it.（√） She wanted to be punished by her father.
掌握非谓语动词的关键在于：弄清三大非谓语动词各种不同的结构形式、每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系；弄清楚三大非谓语动词各自所作的句子成分；不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别；三大非谓语动词的其他特殊用法。
一、三大非谓语动词的结构形式及
每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系
（一）不定式
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名称
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语态
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结构形式
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时间概念及主被动关系
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举例
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一般式
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主动
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（not）to do
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发生在谓语动作/状态之后或同时发生的主动动作
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1. I want to be a teacher.
2. I saw him go out.
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被动
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(not) to be done
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发生在谓语动作/状态之后或同时发生的被动动作
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The teacher wanted the materials to be typed soon.
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进行式
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主动
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(not) to be doing
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与谓语动作/状态同时发生的动作
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He happened to be working when the boss came in.
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完成式
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主动
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(not) to have done
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发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作
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1. I happened to have come across your brother.
2. We planned to have met each other at ten.
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被动
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(not) to have been done
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发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作
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1. I’m glad to have been invited to visit your factory.
2. He expects to have been told the truth yesterday.
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完成进行式
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主动
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(not) to have been doing
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在谓语动作/状态之前一直在进行着的动作
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It is a great pleasure to have been working with you.
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（二）动名词
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名称
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语态
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结构形式
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时间概念及主被动关系
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举例
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一般式
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主动
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（not）doing
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与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作或无明显的时间性（可表经常）
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1. Mike is fond of playing football. 2. Would you mind my opening the window？
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被动
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(not) being done
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与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作或无明显的时间性（可表经常）
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1. He told his past without being asked
2. Being scolded isn’t a good thing.
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完成式
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主动
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(not) having done
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发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作
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They were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
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被动
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(not) having been done
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发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作
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I remembered having been taken to Beijing three times.
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